Meiji Japan converts Production directly into Science through overbuilding — a civilization that treats replacing old buildings with new ones as a core research strategy, not just routine city management.
"Goisshin" grants Science equal to a percentage of a Building's Production cost when you construct it, and an even larger Science bonus when you overbuild an existing Building with a new one — directly rewarding continuous urban renewal rather than one-and-done construction.
The Mikasa is a unique Naval unit that, the first time it's destroyed, uses a charge to respawn at the nearest friendly naval spawn point at reduced health — giving Meiji's navy real staying power. The Zero is a unique Aircraft unit with increased attack range and increased Combat Strength specifically against other Aircraft units.
The Ginkō (Gold) and Jukogyo (Production, with a Coast adjacency bonus and increased Resource Slots) are unique buildings, combining into the Zaibatsu Unique Quarter which boosts Gold and Production on adjacent tiles. The associated Wonder, Dogo Onsen, grants Happiness and Population growth during Celebrations; it must be built adjacent to Coast.